What is Extragonadal germ cell tumor?
Extragonadal germ cell tumors form in parts of the body other than the gonads (testicles or ovaries). This includes the pineal gland in the brain, the mediastinum (area between the lungs), and retroperitoneum (the back wall of the abdomen). Extragonadal germ cell tumors can be benign (noncancer) or malignant (cancer).
What is Extragonadal seminoma?
Abstract. Primary extragonadal seminoma (EGS) is a rare tumor of young adults that often presents with bulky primary tumors and metastatic disease. Long-term survival is inadequate with conventional therapy consisting of radiotherapy with or without surgery.
What is non seminoma germ cell cancer?
The group of non-seminomatous germ cell tumors includes embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma and teratoma. All entities can occur rarely in pure form or much more commonly in mixed germ cell tumors consisting of more than one histological type.
Can testicular cancer be prevented?
Prevention. There’s no way to prevent testicular cancer. Some doctors recommend regular testicle self-examinations to identify testicular cancer at its earliest stage.
Do seminomas produce AFP?
By definition, seminoma or choriocarcinoma do not secrete AFP. Therefore any patient with an elevated AFP must have a nonseminomatous component of testis cancer.
What is better seminoma or nonseminoma?
Seminomas are very sensitive to radiation therapy. Nonseminoma: This more common type of testicular cancer tends to grow more quickly than seminomas. Nonseminoma tumors are often made up of more than one type of cell, and are identified according to these different cell types: Choriocarcinoma (rare)
What is the prognosis for malignant germ cell tumor?
The outlook for malignant germ cell tumors varies depending on how far the cancer has spread. Cancer specialists measure cancer outlook by the five-year survival rate. If cancer hasn’t spread to other parts of the body, there is a 94% to 98% survival rate.
What is Stage 4 germ cell cancer?
What is Stage 4 germ cell cancer? Stage 4 is the most advanced and last stage of ovarian cancer. It means cancer has spread to distant areas or organs (outside the abdomen and pelvis) in your body. Cancerous cells may be found in the spleen, liver, lungs or other organs of the body.
What are the symptoms of germ cell cancer?
Pelvic pain or tenderness: Pelvic discomfort,cramping and ovarian pain are common symptoms of germ cell tumors.
Where do germ cell tumors develop?
Germ cell tumours most often develop in the ovary or testicle because this is where most germ cells are. But germ cells can sometimes be left behind in other parts of the body from when you developed in the womb. So these tumours can develop anywhere in your body where there are germ cells.