What is the pathophysiology of streptococcal pharyngitis?
In bacterial pharyngitis, bacteria invade the mucosal tissues of the pharynx directly. Extracellular factors such as proteases facilitate the tissue invasion and cause the inflammation that elicits swelling, exudates, fever, and pain with swallowing.
Can strep throat lead to arthritis?
There is a disease called “post-streptococcal reactive arthritis” that also occurs after streptococcal pharyngitis, but which features arthritis of longer duration and which has a lower risk of carditis; antibiotic prophylaxis may be indicated.
Does Streptococcus cause joint pain?
The onset of rheumatic fever usually occurs about two to four weeks after a strep throat infection. Rheumatic fever signs and symptoms — which result from inflammation in the heart, joints, skin or central nervous system — can include: Fever. Painful and tender joints — most often in the knees, ankles, elbows and …
What is caused by inflammation and by group A streptococcus?
Group A streptococcus (GAS) infection causes a strong inflammatory response associated with cytokine storms, leading to multiorgan failure, which is characterized as streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. However, little is known about GAS subcutaneous infection-mediated brain inflammation.
What is group A streptococcal pharyngitis?
Group A strep pharyngitis is an infection of the oropharynx caused by S. pyogenes. S. pyogenes are gram-positive cocci that grow in chains (see figure 1).
What is the most common etiology for acute pharyngitis in adults?
Most cases of acute pharyngitis are caused by respiratory viruses and are self-limited. However, symptoms of viral pharyngitis broadly overlap with pharyngitis caused by important treatable causes, such as group A Streptococcus (GAS).
What is strep arthritis?
Introduction: Post-Streptococcal Reactive Arthritis (PSRA) is defined as inflammatory arthritis of ≥1 joint associated with a recent group A streptococcal infection in a patient who does not fulfill the Jones criteria for the diagnosis of Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF).
Does strep cause inflammation?
Strep throat is a bacterial infection that causes inflammation and pain in the throat. This common condition is caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria. Strep throat can affect children and adults of all ages.
What is streptococcal arthritis?
What is group A streptococcal infection?
Group A streptococcal (GAS) infection is caused by bacteria known as Group A (beta-haemolytic) Streptococcus, the most common type of which is Streptococcus pyogenes. GAS is a common infection that can cause sore throats (pharyngitis), scarlet fever or impetigo (school sores).
What is acute streptococcal pharyngitis?
Streptococcal pharyngitis, also known as strep throat, or Bacterial tonsillitis is an infection of the back of the throat including the tonsils caused by group A streptococcus (GAS). Common symptoms include fever, sore throat, red tonsils (tonsilitis), and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck.
Which of the following manifestations is usually absent in streptococcal pharyngitis?
Cough, rhinorrhea, hoarseness, conjunctival irritation, and diarrhea are notably absent in streptococcal pharyngitis, and the presence of these symptoms should suggest a non-streptococcal (usually viral) etiology.