Where are AIM like receptors found?
hematopoietic cells
AIM2 is a cytoplasmic sensor found in hematopoietic cells that recognizes the presence of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) of microbial or host cellular origin. AIM2-like receptor (ALR) family was founded on AIM2 and now consists of four members in human genome.
What is the AIM2 inflammasome?
AIM2 is a cytosolic innate immune receptor which recognizes double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) released during cellular perturbation and pathogenic assault. AIM2 recognition of dsDNA leads to the assembly of a large multiprotein oligomeric complex termed the inflammasome.
Is AIM2 a prr?
We now provide genetic evidence that AIM2 is a critical PRR uniquely involved in the recognition and innate immune defense against infection with the potentially lethal intracellular pathogen Francisella tularensis.
What does AIM2 bind to?
AIM2 binds to cytosolic DNA and forms a CASPASE-1 activating inflammasome with the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) [18,19,46,190].
Where is TLR3 located?
TLR3 is localized to cell surfaces and endosomes in fibroblasts, macrophages, and some epithelial cell lines. In contrast, myeloid DCs only express TLR3 intracellularly. Immunofluoresence analysis has shown that endogenous TLR3 is localized to the early endosome, but not to late endosomes/lysosomes.
What do nod like receptors do?
Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are highly conserved cytosolic pattern recognition receptors that perform critical functions in surveying the intracellular environment for the presence of infection, noxious substances, and metabolic perturbations.
How is TLR3 activated?
The NF-κB branch of TLR3 is activated by TRIF-dependent recruitment of RIP1, TAK1, and IKK. Activation of these transcription factors leads to their nuclear translocation, where they bind to their respective promoter elements of the target genes.
What is coagulative necrosis?
Coagulative necrosis is a type of accidental cell death typically caused by ischemia or infarction. In coagulative necrosis, the architectures of dead tissue are preserved for at least a couple of days.
Why does pyroptosis happen?
Pyroptosis is induced after abortive HIV infection of CD4+ T cells,199 whereby the presence of HIV after cell-to-cell spread is sensed, inducing the formation of an inflammasome that ultimately triggers cell death via caspase-1 and release of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β.
What is aim2-like receptor?
AIM2-like receptor (ALR) family was founded on AIM2 and now consists of four members in human genome. Activated AIM2 recruits apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), resulting in caspase-1 binding, and forming of AIM2 inflammasome.
What does the AIM2 inflammasome do in the skin?
Further studies are warranted to fully understand the specific function of the AIM2 inflammasome in the skin and its mechanistic role in keratinocytes that promotes sterile inflammatory skin diseases. Chronic inflammation mediated by inflammasome activation is associated with the pathogenesis of CKD.
Do aim2-like receptors regulate interferon response induced by cytosolic DNA?
AIM2-Like Receptors Positively and Negatively Regulate the Interferon Response Induced by Cytosolic DNA Cytosolic DNAs derived from retrotransposons serve as pathogen-associated molecular patterns for pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that stimulate the induction of interferons (IFNs) and other cytokines, leading to autoimmune disease.
What happens when AIM2 is activated?
Activated AIM2 recruits apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), resulting in caspase-1 binding, and forming of AIM2 inflammasome. This signaling contributes to the defense against bacterial and viral DNA.