What is the structure and function of oligodendrocytes?
Oligodendrocytes are specialized glial cells that wrap themselves around neurons present in the CNS. Oligodendrocytes are primarily responsible for maintenance and generation of the myelin sheath that surrounds axons. They also participate in axonal regulation and the sculpting of higher order neuronal circuits [51].
Do oligodendrocytes proliferate?
Although oligodendrocyte precursors are highly proliferative, mature differentiated oligodendrocytes do not proliferate extensively; therefore, the regulation of oligodendrocyte precursor number is crucial for generating sufficient oligodendrocytes in adults.
Where do oligodendrocytes produce myelin?
Each oligodendrocyte forms one segment of myelin for several adjacent axons. Oligodendrocytes are found only in the central nervous system, which comprises the brain and spinal cord.
What are astrocytes and oligodendrocytes?
Astrocytes are the star-shaped glial cells that form the blood brain barrier, regulate chemicals around the neurons and blood flow to the brain. Oligodendrocytes, on the other hand, are the glial cells that form the myelin sheath around the axons. So, this is the key difference between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.
What happens if oligodendrocytes are damaged?
Thus, neurotransmitter receptors play an important role in the normal life of oligodendrocytes. Furthermore, if oligodendrocytes become damaged and the myelin sheath is destroyed, the action potential is reduced in velocity or ceases altogether, leading to physical or mental disability.
What are oligodendrocytes quizlet?
Oligodendrocytes. A CNS glial cell that forms myelin sheaths. It forms the myelin that surrounds many axons in the CNS. Each cell forms one segment of myelin for several adjacent axons.
What do oligodendrocytes do in the spinal cord?
Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating glia of the central nervous system. Myelination of axons allows rapid saltatory conduction of nerve impulses and contributes to axonal integrity.
What would happen if oligodendrocytes were destroyed?
What does myelination by oligodendrocytes do?
Oligodendrocytes in myelination, demyelination and remyelination. Oligodendrocytes myelinate large diameter axons in the CNS and provide trophic support for the underlying axon.
What are the oligodendrocytes?
How do you keep oligodendrocytes healthy?
Exercise training protects against loss of OPCs or mature oligodendrocytes induced by a high-fat diet. The SHF group had 30 to 50 percent fewer OPCs. While exercise alone didn’t affect the OPC or oligodendrocyte numbers, mice in the EHF group did not experience OPC loss.