What is the function of PRRs?

What is the function of PRRs?

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in the proper function of the innate immune system. PRRs are germline-encoded host sensors, which detect molecules typical for the pathogens.

What are the mammalian pattern recognition receptors?

There are four major sub-families of PRRs—the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)- Leucin Rich Repeats (LRR)-containing receptors (NLR), the retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-1) -like receptors (RLR; aka RIG-1-like helicases—RLH), and the C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) (4).

What is the difference between PRR and TLR?

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which play a crucial in the initiation of innate immune response by detecting potential harmful pathogens. In mammals, the number of TLRs varies between species: human have 10 TLRs whereas mouse have 12 TLRs.

What cell types express PRR?

Pattern recognition receptor (PRRs): Introduction They are mainly expressed by antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells and macrophages, but they are also found in other immune and non-immune cells.

Where are pattern recognition receptors?

Pattern recognition receptors (PRR) include a transmembrane set of toll-like receptors (TLRs) found on macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells (exogenous sensors) that recognize different types of PAMPs.

What are DAMPs and PAMPs?

PAMPs: pathogen-associated molecular patterns. DAMPs: damage-associated molecular patterns.

What are endocytic pattern recognition receptors?

Endocytic pattern-recognition receptors are found on the surface of phagocytes and promote the attachment of microorganisms to phagocytes leading to their subsequent engulfment and destruction. They include mannose receptors, scavenger receptors, and opsonin receptors.

What are MAMPs and PAMPs?

These conserved foreign (non-self) molecules are termed Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs), also referred to as Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs), and their presence is detected by members of a large family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs).

Is PAMP an antigen?

From the point of view of the body’s leukocytes, a complex pathogen represents a collection of many different PAMPs, which evoke an innate response, and antigens, which may evoke an adaptive response if the innate response is not sufficient to eliminate the threat (Fig.