What is the formula for critical depth?
The governing equation for critical depth computation is [1](1) Q 2 g = A 3 B , where is the discharge given to compute the corresponding critical depth, is the gravitational acceleration, is the cross section area, and is the top width at the water surface.
What is critical depth of flow?
Critical Flow: The variation of specific energy with depth at a constant discharge shows a minimum in the specific energy at a depth called critical depth at which the Froude number has a value of one. Critical depth is also the depth of maximum discharge, when the specific energy is held constant.
What is the equation for gradually varied flow?
The basic governing equation of the steady GVF in open channels is given by [22], [23](1) dy dx = S 0 – S f 1 – F 2 where y = depth of flow (m), x = distance along the channel, measured positive in the downstream direction (m), dy/dx = slope of the free surface at any location x, S0 = longitudinal slope of the channel …
What is normal and critical depth?
Normal depth is the depth of flow that would occur if the flow was uniform and steady, and is usually predicted using the Manning’s Equation. Critical depth is defined as the depth of flow where energy is at a minimum for a particular discharge.
When so SC and yn YC it is called?
Explanation: When Yn > Yc and So > 0, it is called a mild slope. Mild slope is denoted by ‘M’. This is a bed slope that has 3 zones with a different set of conditions. This slope occurs most commonly in the back water curve.
What is gradually varied flow in hydraulics?
Nonuniform flows for which the changes in depth and velocity are so abrupt that radial accelerations distort the vertical distribution of fluid pressure from the hydrostatic condition are called rapidly varied flows.
What are the assumptions for gradually varied flow?
Assumptions of Gradually Varied Flow The slope of the channel/canal is very small. The vertical depth is considered from the bottom. The pressure distribution is hydrostatic because the curvature of streamlines is small. Manning’s and Chezy’s formula is valid for the computation of velocity.
What is the difference between normal depth and critical depth?