What is post-transcriptional gene regulation?
Post-transcriptional regulation is the control of gene expression at the RNA level. It occurs once the RNA polymerase has been attached to the gene’s promoter and is synthesizing the nucleotide sequence.
What are the types of post-transcriptional regulation?
Later stages of gene expression can also be regulated, including: RNA processing, such as splicing, capping, and poly-A tail addition. Messenger RNA (mRNA) translation and lifetime in the cytosol. Protein modifications, such as addition of chemical groups.
Where is post-transcriptional regulation located?
2.1. 3 Post-transcriptional processing. Post-transcriptional regulation may occur at the level of RNA processing, RNA transport, and post-transcriptional modifications. Proteins that may be involved in the regulation of RNA processing are the protein-containing ribonucleoprotein (RNP) domains.
What is the gene post-transcriptional modification?
Post-transcriptional modification or co-transcriptional modification is a set of biological processes common to most eukaryotic cells by which an RNA primary transcript is chemically altered following transcription from a gene to produce a mature, functional RNA molecule that can then leave the nucleus and perform any …
What are post-transcriptional factors?
Post-transcriptional factors include: RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), ribosomal proteins (RPs), micro-RNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Recent evidence that will be presented here suggests that these factors also play a crucial role in the generation of the neocortical layers.
Why post-transcriptional modification is necessary?
Post-transcriptional modifications OF RNA accomplish two things: 1) Modifications help the RNA molecule to be recognized by molecules that mediate RNA translation into proteins; 2) During post-transcriptional processing, portions of the RNA chain that are not supposed to be translated into proteins are cut out of the …
What are the three types of post-transcriptional processing?
In this section, we will discuss the three processes that make up these post- transcriptional modifications: 5′ capping, addition of the poly A tail, and splicing.
What is an example of post-translational regulation?
Such post-translational modifications are generally reversible, one enzyme adds the modifying group and another can remove it. For example, proteins are phosphorylated by enzymes known as protein kinases, while protein phosphotases remove such phosphate groups.
What is the purpose of post-transcriptional modification?
What are the 3 types of post-transcriptional modifications and what are they for?
The three post-transcriptional modifications are splicing, capping and tailing. Transcription is the formation of RNA from DNA. The genetic information present in the DNA is copied to RNA, which further codes for proteins.
Why is transcriptional regulation important?
Transcriptional regulation is a critical biological process that allows the cell or an organism to respond to a variety of intra- and extra-cellular signals, to define cell identity during development, to maintain it throughout its lifetime, and to coordinate cellular activity.
What are the post-transcriptional modifications occur in tRNA?
Post-transcriptional enzyme-catalyzed modification of tRNA occurs at a number of base and sugar positions and influences specific anticodon–codon interactions and regulates translation, its efficiency and fidelity.