What is a allopolyploidy in biology?
Definition of allopolyploid : a polyploid individual or strain having a chromosome set composed of two or more chromosome sets derived more or less complete from different species.
What is allopolyploid example?
The cell or the organism in allopolyploidy state is referred to as allopolyploid. Wheat is an example of an allopolyploid with six chromosome sets. For instance, a cross between tetraploid wheat Triticum (AAAA) and rye Secale (BB) would produce a hybrid progeny with a chromosomal composition of AAB.
What is a Autopolyploidy in biology?
Definition of autopolyploid : an individual or strain whose chromosome complement consists of more than two complete copies of the genome of a single ancestral species.
What is an example of Autopolyploidy?
Autopolyploidy. Autopolyploids are polyploids with multiple chromosome sets derived from a single taxon. Two examples of natural autopolyploids are the piggyback plant, Tolmiea menzisii and the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanum.
Why are Allopolyploids usually fertile?
If the individual has an even number of chromosome sets, they are usually fertile. This is because the chromosomes can still pair up during meiosis and produce functional gametes. This explains why most naturally occurring polyploids have an even number of chromosome sets.
Why are allopolyploid hybrids usually sterile?
allopolyploid A polyploid organism, usually a plant, that contains multiple sets of chromosomes derived from different species. Hybrids are usually sterile, because they do not have sets of homologous chromosomes and therefore pairing cannot take place.
What is an allopolyploid plant?
What is polyploidy explain autopolyploidy?
Autopolyploids are polyploids with multiple chromosome sets derived from a single taxon. Two examples of natural autopolyploids are the piggyback plant, Tolmiea menzisii and the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanum.
What is an allopolyploid?
When individuals of two different species reproduce to form a viable offspring, such that the extra chromosomes come from two different species, the result is an allopolyploid.
Why are almost allopolyploids infertile?
Almost all allopolyploids are infertile due to not having full sets of chromosomes. Full sets of chromosomes are needed for the pairing of chromosomes during the process of meiosis. There is one huge requirement that has to be met in order for allopolyploidy to occur on its own. The organisms must be sexually compatible.
How common is polyploidy in plant speciation?
A review of ploidy in plants suggests that polyploidy was involved in speciation events of ~2–4% of flowering plants and 7% of ferns ( Otto and Whitton, 2000 ). Perhaps the most familiar examples are the numerous allopolyploid crops that humans have domesticated (including wheat, cotton, tobacco, strawberry, and rapeseed).
What is the other form of polyploidy called?
The other form of polyploidy occurs when individuals of two different species reproduce to form a viable offspring called an allopolyploid. The prefix “allo-” means “other” (recall from allopatric). Therefore, an allopolyploid occurs when gametes from two different species combine.