What two steps are required for B cell activation?

What two steps are required for B cell activation?

We report here results demonstrating that helper cells perform two distinct functions in the process of B-cell activation: (1) on direct recognition of antigen (and restricting elements) on B-cell surfaces, helper cells induce, in a short time, target B-cell reactivity to soluble growth factors; (2) on functional …

What are the appropriate steps in B cell activation?

Terms in this set (5)

• antigen recognition-B cell exposed to antigen and binds with matching complementary.
• antigen presentation-B cell displays epitope, Helper T cell binds secretes interleukin.
• clonal selection= interleukin stimulates B cell to divide.
• differentiation=become memory or plasma cells.

What is the first step in B cell activation?

The first step, known as the extrafollicular response, occurs outside lymphoid follicles but still in the SLO. During this step activated B cells proliferate, may undergo immunoglobulin class switching, and differentiate into plasmablasts that produce early, weak antibodies mostly of class IgM.

What are the stages of B cell development?

As they develop, B cells go through 6 stages: They start as common lymphoid progenitor cells, then become early pro-B cells, then late pro-B cells, then large pre-b cells, then small pre-B cells, and finally immature B cells.

What are the two signals required for T cell independent activation of B cells?

T-independent antigens have repeating epitopes that can induce B cell recognition and activation without involvement from T cells. A second signal, such as interaction of TLRs with PAMPs (not shown), is also required for activation of the B cell.

What is the first step in the activation of a naive B cell quizlet?

According to your notes for chapter 9, cross-linking of antigen receptors on B-cells is the first step in B-cell activation. Which of the following is an example of thymus-independent-1 antigen (TI-1 antigen)?

How do B cells become activated quizlet?

-B-cells are activated by the binding of antigen to receptors on its cell surface which causes the cell to divide and proliferate. Some stimulated B-cells become plasma cells, which secrete antibodies.

How do B cells develop and function?

B cells change their location with their stages of maturation, each location providing the microenvironment suitable for the B cell at that life stage. Stem cells produce lymphoid progenitors and pro-B cells in the marrow just under the bone. Developing B cells move toward the center of the marrow as they mature.

What occurs during the second stage of B cell development?

The second stage occurs in the circulation and in peripheral lymphoid tissues; it involves clonal selection of B-lymphocytes by antigens with subsequent proliferation and differentiation to become either memory cells or antibody-producing plasma cells.

How do Ti 2 antigens activate B cells?

T-Independent-2 antigen The activation of B lymphocytes is caused by cross-linking of a critical number of B cell receptors, which leads to accumulation of BCRs and cross activation of these receptors. It results in proliferation and differentiation of B lymphocytes and production of antibodies.

How do T cells activate B cells?

Helper T cells stimulate the B cell through the binding of CD40L on the T cell to CD40 on the B cell, through interaction of other TNF-TNF-receptor family ligand pairs, and by the directed release of cytokines.