What is phosphorylation in transcription?
Phosphorylation of transcription factors can occur throughout their protein sequences, including DNA and effector binding domains, activation domains, as well as domains responsible for protein–protein interactions, thus providing a large spectrum of regulatory pathways.
Does phosphorylation activate transcription?
Phosphorylation of TCF at a cluster of sites located next to its carboxyl terminus stimulates its transactivation function, probably by enhancing its ability to interact with the basal transcription machinery. This pathway leads to rapid activation of c-fos transcription.
What is phosphorylation in gene expression?
In addition to recruitment of histone demethylase(s), histone phosphorylation is thought to facilitate gene expression by structural relaxation of chromatin via neutralization of positive charge on histone proteins, reducing their affinity for DNA and generating a DNA structure permissive for transcription.
What happens when a gene is phosphorylated?
Phosphorylation alters the structural conformation of a protein, causing it to become either activated or deactivated, or otherwise modifying its function. Approximately 13000 human proteins have sites that are phosphorylated.
What is a mediator molecule?
A complex of proteins that allows initiation of cell- and/or cell cycle-specific control of eukaryotic transcription.
How does protein phosphorylation affect gene expression?
A common way to control gene expression is by controlling the post-translational phosphorylation of transcription factors by ATP. This modification might activate or inhibit the transcription factor in turning on gene expression.
Does phosphorylation increase or decrease transcription?
Like acetylation, phosphorylation is generally associated with transcriptional activation. This is understandable, as the phosphate group added to the amino acids is negatively charged and thus create a repulsive force with the negatively charged phosphates of the DNA backbone.
What is the function of histone phosphorylation?
What is meant by phosphorylated?
Listen to pronunciation. (fos-FOR-ih-LAY-shun) A process in which a phosphate group is added to a molecule, such as a sugar or a protein.