What is PEG nanoparticle?
PEG nanoparticles (Fig. 10.4) are synthetic polymers currently popular for drug delivery applications in cancer therapy. PEG is a hydrophilic, highly water-soluble, nonimmunogenic, nontoxic, and protein-resistant polymer. These qualities make it the best polymer for bioconjugation.
How does PEG stabilize the nanoparticles?
PEG decreases the amount of attraction between NPs by increasing the steric distance between them and increasing hydrophilicity via ether repeats forming hydrogen bonds with solvent.
What are types of gold nanoparticles?
Different types of gold nanoparticles.
- Gold nanospheres.
- Gold nanorods.
- Gold nanoshells.
- Gold nanocages.
- SERS nanoparticles.
- Applications of nanoparticles.
What are plasmonic gold nanoparticles?
Plasmonic metal nanoparticles – including gold, silver, and platinum – are highly efficient at absorbing and scattering light. By changing nanoparticle size, shape, and composition, the optical response can be tuned from the ultraviolet through the visible to the near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.
What does PEG coating do?
Coating the surface of nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol (PEG), or “PEGylation”, is a commonly used approach for improving the efficiency of drug and gene delivery to target cells and tissues.
Why is PEG used in drug delivery?
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely utilized in drug delivery and nanotechnology due to its reported “stealth” properties and biocompatibility. It is generally thought that PEGylation allows particulate delivery systems and biomaterials to evade the immune system and thereby prolong circulation lifetimes.
How does PEG increase circulation?
However, similar to what was observed with PEGylated proteins, PEG coatings on NPs shield the surface from aggregation, opsonization, and phagocytosis, thereby prolonging circulation time.
Is nano gold real gold?
Nano gold particles are so small that it they are generally found as a colloidal solution, which means that the gold nanoparticles are suspended in a liquid buffer. Therefore, nano gold, or gold nanoparticles are also called colloidal gold.
What colour are gold nanoparticles?
Unaggregated gold nanoparticles will have a red color in solution, as seen in the picture to the right. If the particles aggregate, the solution will appear blue/purple and can progress to a clear solution with black precipitates.
What is the plasmonic effect?
The plasmonic effect is the interaction between free electrons in metal nano particles and incident light.
Why gold nanoparticles are red?
Nanoparticles of gold resonate at frequencies within the visible spectrum of light. Smaller nano gold particles absorb and resonate with purple, blue, green, and yellow wavelengths of light, so they look red.
Do gold nanoparticles enter cells through RME?
For gold nanoparticles, most of the studied nanoparticles have dimensions less than 100 nm and RME has been proposed as the primary mechanism of cellular entry (Shukla et al. 2005; Chithrani and Chan 2007; Nativo et al. 2008).
Are capped gold nanoparticles less toxicity in 3D?
They found that toxicity of both citrate (anionic)- and CTAB (cationic) capped gold nanoparticles were significantly reduced in the 3D environment compared to 2D (Lee et al. 2009). These results point out that in vitro studies alone are not adequate to assess toxicity of nanoparticles.
How can we measure the cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles?
To qualitatively measure cellular uptake, gold nanoparticles can be visualized in microtomed-cell slices after exposure by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which takes advantage of the high electron density of gold nanoparticles.
Do peg-5k modified nanorods have a prolonged circulation time?
Our results correspond to the results of Niidome et al. who showed a prolonged circulation time for PEG-5k modified nanorods (average length 65 ± 5 nm, width 11 ± 1 nm, aspect ratio: 5.9) [14]. After 24 h, Niidome et al. could only detect less than 10% of the PEGylated nanorods in the blood.