How is divergence insufficiency treated?

How is divergence insufficiency treated?

Currently, accepted treatments include lateral rectus resection and medial rectus recession. These surgeries can be performed unilaterally or bilaterally. New surgical techniques such as lateral rectus equatorial myopexy are under investigation and may hold promise as future therapies.

How can divergence insufficiency be improved?

Most divergence insufficiency cases require optometric vision therapy, which incorporates the prescription of specific treatments in order to:

1. reduce esophoria.
2. enhance and develop fusional vergence ranges, stability, and flexibility.
3. enhance accommodative/convergence relationships.

How do you manage excess divergence?

Vision therapy, with eye exercises, has a success rate of 90%n or more for fixing divergence excess and can be completed at any age. Anatomically, the eye and the surrounding tissues and muscles are not altered in any way.

What is divergence insufficiency?

DIVERGENCE insufficiency refers to a clinically defined acquired disorder of ocular horizontal version, characterized by full-appearing ocular ductions and comitant esotropia at distance. An affected patient experiences double vision when viewing distant objects, but not when viewing objects up close.

How common is divergence insufficiency?

Divergence insufficiency is a rare ophthalmologic disorder manifesting itself among older adults. Primary and secondary forms exist, with the latter more urgently addressed due to neurologic comorbidities. Ultimately, the diagnosis of DI, particularly in the primary form, tends to be elusive.

How is divergence excess diagnosed?

Divergence Insufficiency and Divergence Excess Both can cause double vision when looking at distant objects. This condition is diagnosed by taking measurements of eye alignment at distance using several different techniques, both with and without the patient’s feedback.

What does divergence insufficiency look like?

When our two eyes point in front of an object rather than directly at it, we call this eye misalignment an Esophoria. When an Esophoria occurs when looking at distant objects like TV screens or blackboards, it is called Divergence Insufficiency.

What is divergence excess?

Divergence excess (DE) is a type of IXT that is characterized by a larger magnitude exodeviation (phoria or intermittent or constant exotropia) at distance than at near. This report is of a 5-year-old patient with IXT of the divergence excess type managed by overminus therapy.

What does exophoria mean?

Exophoria is a condition in which your eyes drift outward out of your control. It usually appears for a short time while you’re doing certain types of tasks. It’s not a serious condition and can be corrected with the right treatment.

What is divergent strabismus?

There are a number of treatments available for a divergent squint, which is otherwise known as divergent strabismus. People suffering this condition have one eye that turns outwards, which can cause embarrassment and poor vision in the affected eye if left untreated.

What is the average age at onset of divergence insufficiency?

The average age at onset was 62 years for primary and 51 years for secondary divergence insufficiency. Nystagmus was noted in 43% of secondary divergence insufficiency patients and 0.01% of primary divergence insufficiency patients.

What are the clinical features of divergence insufficiency?

Clinical features include the age at onset, fusional divergence amplitudes, the size of the esodeviation, treatment offered, and the presence or absence of associated neurologic conditions. Classification into primary and secondary divergence insufficiency solely depended on the absence or presence of neurologic disorders, respectively.

How is divergence insufficiency esotropia (Disp) treated?

Patients with divergence insufficiency pattern of esotropia can be treated surgically if they do not respond to or do not desire prism therapy. The surgical treatment of divergence insufficiency esotropia can be approached by several differing techniques, all of which have satisfactory results.

Is primary divergence insufficiency a form of diplopia?

Conclusions: The majority of patients were classified as primary divergence insufficiency. Though this form of divergence insufficiency is neurologically benign, it may easily mask a more severe neurologic condition for which the presenting symptom is also diplopia for distance viewing only.