How is Black Sigatoka transmitted?
Black Sigatoka is caused by the Ascomycete fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis (formerly Mycosphaerella fijiensis). P. fijiensis spreads via aerial spores, infecting banana leaves via the stomata and causing characteristic streaked lesions and cell death when fungal toxins are exposed to light [15].
What pathogen causes black sigatoka?
Black Sigatoka is a foliar disease of banana caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora fijiensis.
What is black sigatoka disease?
Black Sigatoka, also known as black leaf streak, is the most economic important leaf spot disease of bananas in the region affecting a wide range of cultivars and often completely defoliating more vulnerable cultivars before fruit bunches are mature.
How do you prevent black sigatoka?
In export plantations, Black Sigatoka is controlled with frequent applications of fungicides and cultural practices, such as the removal of affected leaves, and adequate spacing of plants and efficient drainage within plantation.
What causes black shank?
Pathogen. Black shank caused by the soilborne oomycete (fungal-like organism) Phytophthora nicotianae (Syn. Phytophthora parasitica) is one of the most destructive diseases on tobacco. Like other water molds, black shank is favored by high humidity or wet conditions and warm temperatures.
What are the diseases that affect maize?
| Bacterial diseases | |
|---|---|
| Purple leaf sheath | Hemiparasitic bacteria |
| Seed rot-seedling blight | Bacillus subtilis |
| Stewart’s disease (bacterial wilt) | Erwinia stewartii |
| Corn stunt (achapparramiento, maize stunt, Mesa Central or Rio Grande maize stunt) | Spiroplasma kunkelii |
What is black leaf?
Black Leaf is a physiological plant disorder that affects some grape varieties such as Concord. It is essentially a potassium deficiency that causes the leaves on a vine to turn purple and eventually black as chlorophyll is lost.
What is Sigatoka leaf spot?
Sigatoka leaf spot (popularly known as Yellow Sigatoka) is a fungal disease caused by Pseudocercospora musicola (formerly Mycosphaerella musicola1 ). It was the first leaf spot disease to have a global impact on bananas but has since been largely displaced by black leaf streak in many banana production areas.
How do you cure Sigatoka?
Management. In regions where the pathogen is present, the inoculum can be maintained at a low level using cultural practices such as drainage, weeding, proper fertilization, planting density and deleafing to reduce inoculum. Sigatoka leaf spot can be effectively controlled by combining deleafing and chemical treatment.
How do bananas control sigatoka disease?
MANAGEMENT:
- Removal and destruction of affected leaves.
- Keep the banana field as weed free and remove the suckers timely.
- Avoid planting at close spacing.
- Provide proper drainage and avoid water logging in the fields which favours infection.
How do you treat TMV?
Managing TMV
- Purchase virus-free plants.
- Remove all weeds since these may harbor TMV.
- Remove all crop debris from benches and the greenhouse structure.
- Set aside plants with the above symptoms and obtain a diagnosis.
- Discard infected plants.
- Disinfest tools by placing them in disinfectant for at least 10 min.
What is black shank?
Definition of black shank : a disease of tobacco caused by a fungus (Phytophthora parasitica nicotianae) and producing a black rot of the stem, brown blotches on the leaves, and damping off of seedlings.