How is dsRNA transcribed?

How is dsRNA transcribed?

Double-stranded RNA virus replication Upon infection, the genomic dsRNA is transcribed in mRNAs that will both serve for translation and/or replication. mRNAs translation produces the proteins necessary to ensure replication and encapsidation. Replication occurs in host cytoplasm and converts ss-mRNA to ds-genomic RNA.

Can double-stranded RNA be translated?

The double-stranded genome is used to transcribe a positive-strand RNA by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The positive-strand RNA may be used as messenger RNA (mRNA) which can be translated into viral proteins by the host cell’s ribosomes.

Is dsRNA a mRNA?

RNAi: dsRNA directs the ATP-dependent cleavage of mRNA at 21-23 nt intervals. Cell 2000; 101:25–33. Zamore PD, Tuschl T, Sharp PA, Bartel DP . RNAi: dsRNA directs the ATP-dependent cleavage of mRNA at 21-23 nt intervals.

Why is dsRNA used in RNAi?

RNAi is a valuable research tool, both in cell culture and in living organisms, because synthetic dsRNA introduced into cells can selectively and robustly induce suppression of specific genes of interest.

What is dsRNA used for?

Applying dsRNA to cultured mammalian cells or whole mice induces a potent antiviral response. Interferon is produced, which triggers the cells to degrade all RNA transcripts and shut down protein synthesis. Thus, the methods used in C. elegans and Drosophila kill mammalian cells.

What are sources of dsRNA?

There are three main sources of endogenous dsRNA: mitochondrial transcripts, repetitive nuclear sequences, including short and long interspersed elements (SINEs, LINEs), and endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) as well as natural sense–antisense transcript pairs.

What produces dsRNA?

It is widely assumed that dsRNA is generated by viral RNA polymerases either as an intermediate in genome replication (RNA viruses) or as an erroneous product due to converging bidirectional transcription (DNA viruses) (25, 32).

What is dsRNA synthesis?

dsRNA Synthesis dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) is used extensively for RNAi application in agricultural biotechnology. In vitro transcription method is superior in term of biosafety and RNA quality compared to in vivo transcription method. RNA Greentech has developed a method to produce high-quality dsRNA in a cost-effective manner.

What is dsRNA (double stranded RNA)?

dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) is used extensively for RNAi application in agricultural biotechnology. In vitro transcription method is superior in biosafety and RNA quality compared to the in vivo transcription method. RNA Greentech has developed a way to produce high-quality dsRNA cost-effectively.

Is genome transcription in dsRNA viruses transcriptionally competent?

Indeed one of the more striking observations about genome transcription in dsRNA viruses is that this process occurs efficiently only when the transcriptionally competent particle is fully intact.

Where does dsRNA replication occur?

Replication occurs in host cytoplasm and converts ss-mRNA to ds-genomic RNA. But dsRNA is a kind of molecule that cells do not produce, and eukaryotic hosts have various antiviral systems that detect and inactivate dsRNA. To circumvent this defenses, many dsRNA viruses are replicating their RNA inside…