What is hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome?
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a group of clinically similar illnesses caused by hantaviruses from the family Bunyaviridae. HFRS includes diseases such as Korean hemorrhagic fever, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, and nephropathia epidemica.
What is the main factor of pathogenesis of the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome?
Therefore, it has been widely accepted that HFRS pathogenesis is largely immune mediated, including immune complexes, complement activation, T cell response, B cell response, and HTNV-induced cytokine production (Khaiboullina et al., 2005b; Easterbrook et al., 2007) (Figure 2).
What agents are agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome?
Introduction. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is endemic around the world. The disease is caused by viruses belonging to the genus Orthohantaviruses, that includes Hantaan virus (HTNV), Seoul virus (SEOV), Dobrava/Belgrade virus (DOBV), Puumala virus (PUUV) and Tula virus (TULV) (1, 2).
Which virus is responsible for Korean hemorrhagic fever?
Editorial Note: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), sometimes known as Korean hemorrhagic fever, is a viral infection acquired from rodents, principally the species Apodemus agrarius, Rattus rattus, and Clethrionomys glariolus.
What is viral haemorrhagic fever?
Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of diseases that are caused by several distinct families of viruses. The term “viral hemorrhagic fever” refers to a condition that affects many organ systems of the body, damages the overall cardiovascular system, and reduces the body’s ability to function on its own.
How is hantavirus transmitted?
The rodents shed the virus in their urine, droppings, and saliva. The virus is mainly transmitted to people when they breathe in air contaminated with the virus. When fresh rodent urine, droppings, or nesting materials are stirred up, tiny droplets containing the virus get into the air.
How does hantavirus affect the kidneys?
Viral hemorrhagic fevers are characterized by enhanced permeability. One of the most affected target organs of hantavirus-induced hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is the kidney, and an infection often results in acute renal failure.
What is the best treatment for hemorrhagic fever?
While no specific treatment exists for most viral hemorrhagic fevers, the antiviral drug ribavirin (Rebetol, Virazole) might shorten the course of some infections and prevent complications in some people. Other medications are being developed.
How hemorrhagic fever is transmitted?
Viruses causing hemorrhagic fever are initially transmitted to humans when the activities of infected reservoir hosts or vectors and humans overlap. The viruses carried in rodent reservoirs are transmitted when humans have contact with urine, fecal matter, saliva, or other body excretions from infected rodents.
Is the hantavirus fatal?
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is a severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory disease in humans caused by infection with hantaviruses. Anyone who comes into contact with rodents that carry hantaviruses is at risk of HPS. Rodent infestation in and around the home remains the primary risk for hantavirus exposure.