Why injection locking?
When intentionally employed, injection locking provides a means to significantly reduce power consumption and possibly reduce phase noise in comparison to other frequency synthesizer and PLL design techniques.
How does injection locking work?
Injection locking is a technique which is applied mainly to continuous-wave single-frequency laser sources when a high output power needs to be combined with a very low intensity noise and phase noise.
What is Oscillator pulling?
If the injected signal frequency lies out of, but not very far from the lock range, the oscillator is “pulled.” We study this behavior by computing the output phase of an oscillator under low-level injection. A. Phase Shift Through a Tank.
What is frequency pulling and pushing?
Frequency pulling in magnetrons : Frequency pulling is caused by changes in the load impedance reflected into the cavity resonators. Frequency pushing in magnetrons: Frequency pushing is due to the change in anode voltage which alters the orbital velocity of electron clouds.
What is VCO pulling?
Frequency Pulling is a variation in the frequency of the VCO/oscillator due to a change in the load impedance. All oscillators are designed to operate at a particular frequency for a specific load impedance. So frequency pulling or pulling factor in a VCO quantifies its susceptibility to output load variations.
What is frequency pulling and pushing in magnetron?
What is the frequency of pull?
What is frequency pushing and pulling?
Here term frequency pushing refers to a change in VCO frequency due to a change in the power supply voltage. Typical value for one of the minicircuit VCO device is 0.30 MHz/V. Here term frequency pulling refers to a change in VCO frequency due to a change in the load on the VCO output.
What is mode jumping in magnetron?
The oscillating frequency corresponding to the different modes are not the same. Some are quite close to one another, so that a π-mode oscillation which is normal for magnetron becomes (3/4)π mode oscillation. This is called as mode jumping. In order to avoid mode jumping strapping technique is used.
Why the TWT is sometimes preferred to the multicavity klystron amplifier?
Has a greater bandwidth. Has a higher number of modes. Produces a higher output power.
What is the difference between first order PLL and injection locking?
Injection-locking is equivalent to first order PLL and is always stable. Effect:phase noise of ring oscillator suppressed within “the loop-bandwidth of the PLL.” Benefits of a PLL without the need to build an HF PLL But, Injection signal disturbs symmetry in ring and thus the quadrature.
What is injection locking technique?
Injection locking technique has been widely used in the de- sign of quadrature oscillators and dividers. As a modification, subharmonic injection can be used to suppress the phase noise of PLLs.
Does injection locking and injection pulling degrade the performance of phase locks?
However, injection locking and pulling, when unintended, can degrade the performance of phase-locked loops and RF integrated circuits . Injection pulling and injection locking can be observed in numerous physical systems where pairs of oscillators are coupled together.
How does the reference PLL neutralize the injection error?
The reference PLL tries to neutralize this error through the normal phase locking process, regardless of the existence of injection signal.