What is the life cycle of a T4 bacteriophage?

What is the life cycle of a T4 bacteriophage?

T4 is capable of undergoing only a lytic lifecycle and not the lysogenic lifecycle. The T4 Phage initiates an E. coli infection by recognizing cell surface receptors of the host with its long tail fibers (LTF). A recognition signal is sent through the LTFs to the baseplate.

How does the T4 bacteriophage work?

The virus bacteriophage T4 infects the bacterium Escherichia coli using an intriguing nanoscale injection machinery that employs a contractile tail. The injection machinery is responsible for recognizing and puncturing the bacterial host and transferring the viral genome into the host during infection.

What does T4 lysozyme do?

T4 lysozyme helps to release mature phage particles from the cell wall by breaking down the peptidoglycan. The enzyme hydrolyses the 1,4-beta linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid in peptidoglycan heteropolymers of prokaryotic cell walls.

What is the structure of T4 phage?

T4 assembly is divided into three independent pathways: the head, the tail and the long tail fibers. The prolate head encapsidates a 172 kbp concatemeric dsDNA genome. The 925 Å-long tail is surrounded by the contractile sheath and ends with a hexagonal baseplate.

What are the steps in the lytic cycle of phage T4?

The six stages are: attachment, penetration, transcription, biosynthesis, maturation, and lysis.

1. Attachment – the phage attaches itself to the surface of the host cell in order to inject its DNA into the cell.
2. Penetration – the phage injects its DNA into the host cell by penetrating through the cell membrane.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in replication by bacteriophage?

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in replication by bacterial phage? Explanation: The first step in the process of replication by bacterial phage is adsorption to the host cell. This is followed by pinning when the tail pins attach to the cell surface.

What is the first step of the virus reproduction cycle?

The first stage is entry. Entry involves attachment, in which a virus particle encounters the host cell and attaches to the cell surface, penetration, in which a virus particle reaches the cytoplasm, and uncoating, in which the virus sheds its capsid.

What is the shape of T4 page?

Bacteriophage T4 consists of a head for protecting its genome and a sheathed tail for inserting its genome into a host. The tail terminates with a multiprotein baseplate that changes its conformation from a “high-energy” dome-shaped to a “low-energy” star-shaped structure during infection.

What is the shape of T4 phage What is its genetic material?

T4 is a relatively large virus, at approximately 90 nm wide and 200 nm long (most viruses range from 25 to 200 nm in length). The DNA genome is held in an icosahedral head, also known as a capsid.

What are the 4 stages of the lytic cycle?

Lytic animal viruses follow similar infection stages to bacteriophages: attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, and release (see Figure 4).

Which of the following is the correct phage cycle sequence?

Description. The lytic cycle, which is also referred to as the “reproductive cycle” of the bacteriophage, is a six-stage cycle. The six stages are: attachment, penetration, transcription, biosynthesis, maturation, and lysis.

Why study the lysozyme from phage T4?

The lysozyme from phage T4 (Fig. ​(Fig.1;1; PDB Code 3FA0) has served as a paradigm for studying the factors that determine the structure and stability of proteins. Also, the recent use of the protein to help crystallize and determine the first structure of a GPCR , has renewed interest in its properties.

Bacteriophage T4 is the most well-studied member of Myoviridae, the most complex family of tailed phages. T4 assembly is divided into three independent pathways: the head, the tail and the long tail fibers.

What is the pathway of bacteriophage T4?

Assembly pathway of bacteriophage T4 The assembly of T4 can be divided into three independent subassemblies: the head, the tail and the long tail fibers. The tail binds to the head followed by attachment of the fibritin protein at the neck region.

What is the C-terminal fragment of the precursor tail lysozyme T4?

The C-terminal fragment of the precursor tail lysozyme of bacteriophage T4 stays as a structural component of the baseplate after cleavage. J.